The Life and Times of
Henry Hocking

1830's

Idaho potatoes introduced

Inauguration of President Martin Van Buren 1837

Ralph Waldo Emerson's Concord Hymn July 4, 1837

1838 Smallpox epidemic in England.

1839 - 1842 First Anglo-Afghan War

1839 - 1842 Second Anglo-Afghan War

1839 First time a disease is traced to a parasitic organism. (Schoenlein, fungal infection of scalp).

1840's

Baltimore Dental College graduates swore not to use mercury amalgam.

First Opium War in China, as Chinese protest British import of drugs.

Inauguration of President William Henry Harrison 1841

Birth

Henry Hocking born on May 26, 1842

1

1843 - 1872 Several Maori Land Wars in New Zealand

3

Inauguration of President James K. Polk 1845

4

1846 - 1848 Mexican War between the United States and Mexico

Nucleus of physicians in New York form the American Medical Association.

5

Chinese food in America introduced

6

1848 - 1849 Hungarian Revolt of 1848 waged by Hungary against Austria and later Russia

1848 - 1851 First war of Schleswig

1848 Dr.Semmelweis at the University of Vienna Medical School cuts infant deaths by requiring doctors to wash their hands. Subsequently fired.

7

Concord grapes introduced

Inauguration of President Zachary Taylor 1849

1850's

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1850 - 1865 Taiping Rebellion

A new way of thinking develops in German science, which maintains that people are similar to complex machines. It does nothing to take into account the spiritual basis of man. This thinking becomes the basis for experiments in psychology in order to discover the nature of humans and how to program them. The work of Wundt is the primary source of these ideas. American elite begin to come to Germany to study this way of thinking.

British physician presents a paper detailing microscopic examination of food products to the US . The paper revealed that all food products examined in Britain were adulterated with foreign substances, including chemicals. Hearings periodically held for decades.

Homeopathic college founded in Cleveland, Ohio.

Modern marshmallows introduced

US prison population is 29 per100,000 (This goes up to 250 per 100,000 by 1994).

11

1853 Chloroform first used as anesthetic in England.

1853 Dr. Isaac Brown, a prominent British surgeon and president of the Medical Society of London, creates a surgical procedure to remove the clitoris from women on the grounds that "masturbation caused epilepsy and convulsive diseases."

1853 First use of hypodermic needle for subcutaneous injection.

1853 Smallpox epidemic in England.

In England, the Compulsory Vaccination Act . From 1853 to 1860, vaccination reached 75% of the live births and more than 90% of the population.

Inauguration of President Franklin Pierce 1853

Potato chips introduced

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1854 - 1856 Crimean War.

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1855 Compulsory nature of Massachusetts vaccination statute firm, and a pre- condition for school admittance. Statutes created in the belief it would "protect children from smallpox."

1855 Outbreak of cholera in England.

14

Henry Hocking died on May 02, 1856

Condensed milk introduced

15

1857 - 1901 Caste War of Yucat?n

1857 Vaccination in England enforced by fines. Smallpox epidemic begins in England that lasts until 1859. Over 14,000 die.

Inauguration of President James Buchanan 1857

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1858 England experiences a 7 year epidemic of Pertussis (ending in 1865) in which 120,000 die.

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1859 - 1860 Italian Independence War

1869 Mohandas Gandhi born

Darwin publishes The Origin of Species

Rumford Baking Powder introduced

1860's

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Fish & chips introduced

Introduction of antibiotics and immunization into the US.

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1861 - 1865 American Civil War in the United States

First Inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1861

The Battle Hymn of the Republic

The Constitution of the Confederate States of America March 11, 1861

The Declaration of Causes of seceding states Winter 1861

20

December 1682 Henry de Tonti made Governor of Illinois by France.

McClellan's Letter to President Lincoln July 7, 1862

Vernor's Ginger Ale & Gulden's mustard introduced

21

1863 Second major epidemic of smallpox in England lasts until 1865. 20,000 die.

Breakfast cereal introduced

The Gettysburg Address Nov. 19, 1863

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1864 Pasteur invents pasteurization process for wine.

1864 Second war of Schleswig

The Emancipation Proclamation 1864

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1865 George Peabody (Rothschilds) conceives of "tax exempt charitable foundation".

1865 U.S. President Lincoln assassinated

Second Inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln 1865

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1866 - 1868 Red Cloud's War between the Lakota and the United States

1866 Austro-Prussian War (aka Seven Weeks War)

25

1867 Joseph Lister introduces sanitation into surgery,over the objections of leading English surgeons.

Appeal to Congress for Impartial Suffrage by Frederick Douglass Jan. 1867

Underwood Deviled Ham introduced

Vaccination Act of 1867 in England begins to elicit protest from the population and increase in the number of anti-vaccination groups. It compelled the vaccination of a baby within the first 90 days of its life. Those who objected would be continually badgered by magistrates and fined until the child turned 14. The law was passed on the assurance of medical officials that smallpox vaccinations were safe.

26

Tabasco sauce & Fleischmann's Yeast introduced

27

Conference of the British Medical Association devotes its surgery discussions to an attack on antiseptic theory and the work of Lister.

First Inauguration of President Ulysses S. Grant 1869

1870's

28

1870 - 1871 Franco-Prussian War

1870 Third major smallpox epidemic in England begins and lasts until 1872. Over 44,800 die.

Margarine introduced

29

His father, Richard Hocking, Jr., died on April 16, 1871

1871 Kaiser Wilhelm I declares a German Empire

1871 Worldwide epidemic of smallpox begins. Claims 8 million people worldwide.

In Bavaria, Germany, vaccination is compulsory and re-vaccination is commonplace. Out of 30,472 cases of smallpox, 29,429 had been vaccinated.

In Birmingham, England from 1871 to 1874, there were 7,706 cases of smallpox. Out of these, 6,795 had been vaccinated.

Select committee of the Privy Council convened to inquire into the Vaccination Act of 1867 (England), as 97.5% of the people who died from smallpox were vaccinated for it.

30

1872 - 1873 Modoc War between the Modoc and the United States

Japan institutes compulsory smallpox vaccination. Within 20 years 165,000 smallpox cases manifest themselves.

Philadelphia cream cheese & Graham crackers introduced

31

Second Inauguration of President Ulysses S. Grant 1873

33

California raisins introduced

Public Health Act of 1875 in England promotes sanitary conditions.

1876 - 1877 Black Hills War between the Lakota and the United States

Heinz Ketchup introduced

1877 - 1878 Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78

Bicycles begin to be mass produced in the United States in 1877

Inauguration of President Rutherford B. Hayes 1877

Louis Pasteur tells his family never to show anyone his lab notebooks. His last surviving grandson donated the documents to the Bibiotheque Nationale in Paris in 1964. Later, historians would begin to examine Pasteurs notes and would find evidence of potential scientific misconduct and a large degree of dubious human experimentation.

1879 Joseph Stalin born

Saccharin introduced

1880's

1880 Recorded death rate from diabetes in Denmark is 1.8 per 100,000. (This will go up to 8 per100.00 in 1911 and 19 per 100,000 in 1934).

Beginning of a 20 year period where elite American students of Wundt in Germany return and become heads of psychology departments at Harvard, University of Pennsylvania, Cornell and all major universities and colleges. Wundt trains James Cattell, who returns to the US and trains over 300 in the Wundtian system which, with help from the Carnegie and Rockefeller foundations, eventually assume control of psychological testing in the United States for all the soldiers of the First World War.

Salt water taffy & French dressing introduced

Smallpox vaccinations start in the United States.

Sweden consumption of refined sugar 12 pounds per person annually. (This will go up to 120 lb per person annually in 1929).

The League of American Wheelmean is founded and begins producing maps and handbooks of the eastern U.S. in 1880